History
Lower or Early Paleolithic
Where were the first archaeological findings of stone tools? What was the most advanced achievement of the Lower Paleolithic? Learn more by reading the text below!
Verbum Libere
History
Medieval Sieges Were a Real Test of Endurance — But Was Conquering the Castle Worth It?
Open-field battles may get all the cinematic glory, but in the Middle Ages, warfare was far more likely to involve a long, uncomfortable siege. Castles didn’t just politely open their gates, so the real challenge was breaking through thick stone walls and actually taking the fortress.
History
Who Did the Phoenicians Colonize?
In today's text you will learn what colonization is. Why did the Phoenicians colonize the Mediterranean Sea? And what lands did they colonize? When did colonization begin? To learn more, read the text below!
History
How did Infantry Take Over Medieval Battlefields and Push Cavalry into the Background?
So far, we have seen that cavalry dominated warfare, while infantry was often overlooked and rarely taken seriously. But that soon changed. Read on to find out how.
Literary Studies
Why does Social Media persist in misreading M. W. Shelley's Frankenstein? A Complete Review
The story explores the consequences of rejection and the absence of love. The result of such neglect is pain, which ultimately gives rise to a desire for revenge. But is that the whole story, or does Mary W. Shelley tell us more? Read on to find out!
History
How to Detect Totalitarianism?
Do you live in a country governed by a totalitarian regime? Below are 14 points from Umberto Eco’s essay Ur-Fascism that will tell you whether you live in a totalitarian country.
History
Phoenicians: Trade across the Mediterranean
How skilled were the Phoenicians? What did they trade, and with whom? Read on to learn more.
History
What Was the Role of Archers in Medieval Warfare?
In the early Middle Ages, bows and arrows were not exactly the stars of the battlefield. It wasn’t until around the 10th century that archery began to play a more significant role in medieval warfare. To find out more about archers on the battlefield read below!
History
Who was Pedro Calderón de la Barca?
Pedro (not Pascal) Calderón de la Barca reminds us, through his plays, of honor and the importance of justice. To learn more about his life, read below.
History
The History Behind Medieval Warfare
Cavalry had already been established and was dominant during the Early Middle Ages. In films, knights are often portrayed as being completely covered in armor, riding horses and wielding swords or spears. But how accurate is this depiction? Read on to find out.
History
Does anyone still remember who the Phoenicians were?
As you write something on paper (does anyone still use pen and paper?), a keyboard, or a phone, have you ever wondered where the letters you use came from? Read on and discover more.
History
How Did People Eat in the Past?
Cutlery didn’t appear overnight. It slowly evolved from tools of survival into symbols of civilization. Knives came first, followed by spoons, and finally forks—after centuries of suspicion and religious disapproval. Find out what happened to the unfortunate forks below.