History
When Did the Middle Ages Begin?
When did the Middle Ages actually begin and when did they end? The answer depends on where you look. From 476 to 1492 and beyond, medieval chronology has never been as straightforward as it seems.
History
What do we know about Mesolithic?
Learn about the Mesolithic period: climate change, stone tools, diet, and how it differed from the Paleolithic.
History
Greek Colonisation of the Adriatic
Greek colonisation of the Adriatic was far more complex than peaceful expansion. Discover how colonies such as Pharos, Issa and Corcyra reshaped the eastern Adriatic through migration, conflict, trade and cultural exchange with indigenous communities.
History
Greek Colonies in the Mediterranean
From Sicily to the Black Sea, Greek colonisation reshaped the ancient Mediterranean. But how did it actually work, and who was behind it? The story is more organised, and more political. To find out more, read below.
History
The Beginnings of Greek Colonisation
Greek colonisation was a long process shaped by trade, migration, and contact across the Mediterranean. From the 8th to the 6th century BC, Greeks founded new settlements that transformed the ancient world and connected different peoples and cultures.
History
Why Do We Keep Imagining the Roman Period as Warm, and What Did That Mean for the Romans?
Was the Roman Empire built not only by armies and politics, but also by climate? Climate research reveals how a warmer Mediterranean supported Rome's rise and how changing temperatures, famine and plague transformed the ancient world.
History
Crusade Wars: When the Holy Wars Changed
The Crusades began as wars for the Holy Land but gradually became something far broader. By the 13th century, crusading campaigns targeted heretics, pagans, political enemies, and even fellow Christians, transforming the very idea of holy war.
History
Crusade Wars: Holy Wars or Wars of Opportunity?
The Crusades are often remembered as holy wars fought in the name of faith. Still, behind the language of religion stood political ambition, violence, economic interests, and struggles for power that transformed medieval Europe.
History
Who Were the Vučedol People?
Vučedol Culture flourished in the Eneolithic (3000–2400 BC), centered in eastern Croatia. Known for unique handmade pottery, white inlay, and geometric motifs, it spread across the Balkans and Central Europe, leaving a lasting legacy in Croatian and world prehistory.
History
The Crusades: Why Did They Start?
The Crusades were not driven by faith alone. From Church reform and papal ambition to knightly warfare and political instability, medieval Europe created the conditions that made the Crusades possible.
History
Food and Daily Life in the Roman Empire
Discover what Romans really ate and how food, trade, and agriculture connected the ancient Mediterranean. From imported spices and olive oil to diverse diets in Roman Catalonia and Pannonia, explore the economic networks that helped sustain one of history’s greatest empires.
History
Urban and Rural Industries in the Roman Empire: Trade, Textiles, and Mining in Ancient Rome
Explore how urban and rural industries shaped the Roman Empire. From pottery and textiles to mining and trade, discover how agriculture, craftsmanship, and technology sustained one of history’s most powerful economies across the Mediterranean world.